Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam 12.3.26-30

"The material modes — goodness, passion and ignorance — whose permutations are observed within a person’s mind, are set into motion by the power of time."

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"When there is a predominance of cheating, lying, sloth, sleepiness, violence, depression, lamentation, bewilderment, fear and poverty, that age is Kali, the age of the mode of ignorance."

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https://vedy.online/en/sb12/3/26 & https://vedy.online/en/sb12/3/30